Piping Assembly with Probes Utilizing Addressed Datagrams

ABSTRACT

A control system with probes for generating and utilizing at least one or more addressed datagrams that communicate information to and from devices along piping assemblies comprising; one or more transmitters, one or more receivers, and one or more controllers, wherein the transmitters transmit information via one or more addressed datagrams encoded within a working medium to one or more receivers among the piping assemblies, is described. Transmitters convert datagrams into signals that are transmitted within the working medium and the receivers receive signals from the transmitters and also convert signals from the working medium which is converted back into datagrams. The controllers receive and decode the datagrams so that the controllers selectively communicate and perform logical operations on piping assembly devices according to directions received from the addressed datagrams. The entire control system can function as a network of controllers, receivers, transmitters, and/or transponders as required by one or more users.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of and claims priority under 35 USC120 to U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 14/741,078, filed Jun.16, 2017 and entitled “Piping Assembly with Probes Utilizing AddressedDatagrams”, which is a nonprovisional conversion and claims priorityunder 35 USC 119 from Provisional Application No. 62/017,030 entitled“Piping Assembly System with Addressed Datagrams” filed Jun. 25, 2014.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus forcontrolling the operation of piping assemblies. More specifically, theinvention describes a new and improved downhole tool control system thatresponds to one or more addressable dynamic datagrams that comprise atleast data and signals. A set of transceivers, receivers, and/ortransponders transmit, receive, encode and decode one or more of theaddressed datagrams so that controllers can selectively communicate andperform logical operations on devices used on piping assembliesaccording to directions received from the addressed datagrams.

BACKGROUND

Systems for controlling piping systems in general, and more specificallyfor controlling downhole petroleum based well operations have becomecommon practice. Recent efforts have focused more specifically onfracing operations, which normally leads to a series of devices intendedto provide a more intelligent completion and producing well. Olderexamples of the need for formation testing and evaluation using pressurecontrolled valve devices are such as those shown in the U.S. Pat. Re.No. 29,638. Related devices are illustrated, for example, in U.S. Pat.Nos. 3,823,773, 3,986,554 as well as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,403,659,4,479,242 and 4,576,234 which all describe valve structures which areoperably responsive to changes in the pressure of fluids that existeither in the tubing-to-casing annulus, or in the tubing itself.

These tools have all been used successfully in cased well bores usinghigh level pressure signals which can be applied safely to the annulusfluids. However, in the past, some very deep, cased wells were nottested with pressure controlled tools because the operating pressurewould have exceeded the burst rating of the casing. Testing in open(uncased) boreholes has more recently been achieved with standardpressure controlled tools. Until this was possible, certain types ofvalve devices, such as circulating valves and some sliding valvesrequired lengthy operating times due to the complicated series ofannulus or tubing pressure changes required to cycle the tool from theclosed to opened positions and back again.

The older designs required dimensional lengths that often becameexcessive, to the point where a typical combination of tester, samplerand circulating valves could and in some cases still do require lengthsin excess of 200-300 feet. Increased complexity of valve systems reducestheir reliability, and increases the chances of mishaps and notperforming the desired downhole operations. As a result of more recentefforts involving fracing and horizontal drilling, there is now anurgent need to increase the number of service operations that can beperformed during single or multiple trips into any piping assembly,especially within the wellbore and during well completion and fracingoperations.

SUMMARY

Therefore, a general object of the present invention is to provide animproved and networkable control system for piping assemblies. Morespecifically this disclosure involves a control system for downholeoperated tools that are responsive to signals. These signals canindividually, collectively, and/or through a network, comprise addresseddatagrams for use by one or more controllers to control one or moredevices throughout any piping assembly. The datagram control system isuseful for hydrocarbon producing wells including both deep cased andopen hole wells.

One object of the present invention is to provide a new and improveddownhole control system to control controllable devices that include oneor more energized power sources attached directly or remotely to thesedevice(s). Using one or more controllers allows for making numerousoperations on the controllable devices during single or successive runs.

The control system is designed for generating and utilizing at least oneor more addressed datagrams that communicate information to and frompiping assemblies and comprises;

one or more transmitters, one or more receivers, and one or morecontrollers, wherein the transmitters transmit information via one ormore addressed datagrams encoded within a working medium to one or morereceivers among the piping assemblies;

wherein the transmitters convert the datagrams into signals that aretransmitted within the working medium and;

wherein one or more receivers receive signals from the transmitters andthe receivers convert signals from the medium back into datagrams, and;

wherein one or more controllers receive and decode one or more datagramsso that the controllers selectively communicate and perform logicaloperations causing the devices to perform one or more actions.

These actions include measurements and/or movements and the datagramscan create and transmit new or existing datagrams. The datagrams containlogic packets of information that include one or more address portionsand one or more data portions.

The transmitters are utilized by one or more controllable devices beingoperated between an open position and a closed position whereinoperating between the open and closed position provides a measurablequantity of change so that signals are generated and controlled bychanges occurring within the working medium channeled either directlythrough the controllable devices or bypassing the devices, or both.

The system, in this case, utilizes a working medium that is amechanical, hydraulic, electrical, electro-magnetic, optical,radioactive, explosive, and/or chemical medium.

In a further embodiment, the controllable devices are well completiondevices for wellbores.

The controllable devices can utilize one or more flow restrictors forproviding a measurable quantity of signals, and the receivers can causeone or more actions in response to information received from thedatagrams. The controllable devices can exist within production tubingand/or casing of wellbores. In addition, the controllable devices areselected from the group consisting of; valves, switches, pumps, meters,analyzers, transducers, transistors, laser transmitters and receivers,and optical fiber networks.

The controllable (often) completion devices can contain one or morereceivers and can contain one or more transmitters. The controllabledevices can also contain one or more transponders.

For the present invention, the piping assembly is often a downholeassembly within a borehole.

In an additional embodiment, the control system controls multipledevices within multiple zones along a length of the downhole assemblywithin the borehole. Often these devices are valves.

In the case of the present invention the term “datagram” is meant to bea self-contained, independent entity of data carrying sufficientinformation to be routed from a source to a destination computer,computer server, and/or internet interface without reliance on earlierexchanges between the source and the destination computer and thetransporting network. A datagram needs to be self-contained withoutreliance on earlier data exchanges because there is no connection offixed duration between the two communicating points as there is, forexample, in most voice telephone conversations.

Datagram service is often compared to a mail delivery service, the useronly provides the destination address, but receives no guarantee ofdelivery, and no confirmation upon successful delivery. Datagram serviceis therefore considered unreliable. Datagram service routes datagramswithout first creating a predetermined path. Datagram service istherefore considered connectionless. There is also no considerationgiven to the order in which other datagrams are sent or received. Infact, many datagrams grouped together can travel along different pathsbefore reaching the same destination.

The datagrams contain logic packets of information that include one ormore addressed portions and one or more data portions. The datagramsalso include checksum portions and/or sequencing criteria portions. Theaddressed portions contained within the datagrams are accessible by thecontroller and provide for communication with individual, collectivegroups, and/or networks of controllable devices. The data portionscontained within the datagrams provide information that allows forcontrolling controllable devices by providing data portionscorresponding with data obtained from making measurements within theworking medium.

The controllers are capable of computing and are computer programmable,comprising one or more memories, one or more time clocks that keep trackof time, and a status that is capable of reporting inputs, outputs, andresulting events by using logic packets of information obtained fromdatagrams for controlling these controllable devices.

Computing within and for utilizing the controllers includes; retrieving,storing, analyzing, organizing, and disseminating information frommeasurements obtained within the working medium using datagrams capableof providing, storing, and accessing data within or from thecontrollers. In this manner the controllers can perform logicaloperations for actuating controllable devices located along (within orexternal to) the piping system.

For the present invention, the datagrams normally adhere to a commonsystem datagram protocol wherein the datagrams contain addresses andoptionally contain data. The datagrams can also be encoded and decodedinto barcodes. The datagrams also can contain IP addresses.

Another object of the present invention is that the transmitters,receivers, and controllers together with the use of the datagrams, forma “mesh network”. In the present disclosure, the term “mesh network” isconsidered a network topology in which each node (known as a “meshnode”) relays data for the network. All nodes cooperate to allow fordistribution of data in the network. A mesh network can be designedusing a flooding technique or a routing technique. When using a routingtechnique, the message (datagram) is propagated along a path, by hoppingfrom node to node until the destination is reached. To ensure all itspaths' availability, a routing network must allow for continuousconnections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths, usingself-healing algorithms. A mesh network whose nodes are all connected toeach other is a fully connected network. For example, fully connectedwired networks have the advantages of security and reliability: problemsin a cable affect only the two nodes attached to it. However, in suchnetworks, the number of cables, and therefore the cost, goes up rapidlyas the number of nodes increases.

It is also an embodiment of the present invention to utilize a wirelessmesh network by using controlled fluctuations in signals generated usingfiber optics, lasers, electromagnetics including eddy currents,magnetic, or other focused energy forms within the mesh network(s).

The controllers control controllable devices that can be well completiondevices for wellbores. The control system can control multiple deviceswithin multiple geologically diverse zones along a length of one or moredownhole assemblies utilized within an oil field.

In yet another embodiment, the control system for generating andutilizing at least one or more addressed datagrams that communicateinformation to and from piping assemblies comprises;

one or more addressable transponders having one or more controllers,wherein the transponders transmit and receive information via one ormore addressed datagrams encoded within a medium among the pipingassemblies;

wherein the transponders convert the datagrams into signals that aretransmitted within the medium and;

wherein the transponders receive and convert signals from the mediumback into datagrams, and;

wherein the one or more controllers receive and decode one or moredatagrams so that the transponders selectively communicate and performlogical operations causing the devices to perform one or more actions.

The transponders are utilized by one or more controllable devices beingoperated between an open position and a closed position whereinoperating between the open and closed position provides a measurablequantity of change so that signals are generated and controlled bychanges occurring within the working medium channeled either directlythrough the controllable devices or bypassing the devices, or both.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improvedremote controlled downhole system that does not require long operatingtimes for making the system operational. Using this system alsoeliminates the need for a complicated sequence of well annulus or tubingpressure or other controlled energy fluctuations to provide deviceactivation.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new andimproved pressure responsive well testing tool that has a relativelyshort length, and which is simple and reliable in operation.

For the present invention, by utilizing a controller which could be acomputer operated controller, the deficiencies regarding the use ofdatagrams are minimized and, in most cases eliminated. The controllerexists to guarantee delivery and confirmation of signals from thetransmitters to the receivers or to and from the transponders as well asto the specific devices at the specific locations to be controlled bythe addressed datagrams. The datagram service can thus be transformed tobecome more reliable. It is possible to send back an acknowledgement ifthe datagram is received and it is also possible that there would benon-receipt of the datagram which could also be acknowledged by theintended receiver. This technique is known as an “ack/nack”. Intelecommunications, a negative-acknowledge character (NAK or NACK) is atransmission control character sent by a station as a negative responseto the station with which the connection has been set up.

In Binary Synchronous Communications protocol, the NAK is used toindicate that an error was detected in the previously received block andthat the receiver is ready to accept retransmission of that block. Thedatagrams can also be given either pre-determined, pre-programmed, ordynamically programmed sets of directions for determining the travelpath of the service.

Another embodiment of the present invention includes utilizing one ormore probes located in the piping assemblies that generate and/orutilize at least one or more addressed datagrams allowing communicationfrom information contained within the datagrams, the probes comprising;

one or more addressable transponders having one or more controllers,wherein the transponders transmit and receive information via one ormore addressed datagrams encoded within the probe and/or within thepiping assemblies;

wherein the transponders convert the datagrams into signals that aretransmitted from the probe to the piping assemblies or from the pipingassemblies to the probe and;

wherein the transponders receive and convert signals from a fluid mediumwithin the piping assemblies back into datagrams,

and;

wherein the one or more probes receive and decode one or more datagramsso that the transponders within the probe and/or within the pipingassemblies selectively communicate and perform logical operationscausing one or more devices to take action.

The probes of the present invention can be used for installing,inventorying, accessing, actuating, and controlling one or moredown-hole device(s) in a wellbore assembly comprising;

-   -   (i) marked sections along a length of an assembly within the        wellbore, wherein components and/or portions of an original        section of the assembly together function as unique readable        active or passive markers,    -   (ii) the ability to read the markers,    -   (iii) the ability to act upon reading the markers using at least        one reader by locating specific addresses within the wellbore        corresponding with commands having a signature obtained from        energy sources that transmit data which is compiled into a        datagram, wherein the energy sources are initiated either at the        surface or bottom of the wellbore.

The energy sources can be located either uphole or downhole usingwellbore fluids within the wellbore thereby providing the ability forcausing movement of the controllable devices. Likewise, the movement ofthe controllable devices, can provide changes in the working medium thatprovides signals.

In a further embodiment, a method for using the probes requiresinserting the markers in strategically placed locations along an axialand/or radial portion of the piping assemblies which creates one or morepatterns or sequence of patterns and wherein the markers are comprisedof components each possessing, independently, identical or differentselected material compositions with cross sectional areas correspondingto each of the components. At least two or more of the components arerings made from different materials with distinct measurable propertydifferences along the length of the piping assemblies, wherein the ringscollectively function by providing a readable identification (ID) codeproducing coded piping assemblies created when the one or more patternsor sequence of patterns are read.

The signals created can be in the form of code, including bar code, thatcomprise a portion of the datagrams.

The components are materials with properties selected from one or moreor in any combination from a group consisting of; electricallyconductive, electrically resistive, electrically insulative,electrically capacitive, electrically inductive, magnetically permeable,magnetically non-permeable, magnetically polarized, sonicallytransmissive, sonically absorptive, optically reflective, opticallyabsorptive, radiation absorptive, radiation emissive that exhibit one ormore features of said materials and wherein said components can be ringscomprising said materials.

The readable ID code is read in precise locations along a length of saidcasing wherein the locations are a specific address corresponding to afeature either at the surface of, or embedded in the piping assemblies.

The markers appear as multiple readable bars to a reader that is readingpermanent components of piping assemblies.

The multiple readable bars comprise a spatial, binary, and/or bar codewherein reading by scanning the code with a reader provides an abilityfor finding a specific address along the piping assembly and allows forcarrying out an action at the address.

The piping assemblies are a casing which can also function as aproduction collar within a borehole wherein at least one reader is atleast one probe and wherein the probe is an autonomous tool.

The reader can be one or more tethered probes. The one or more probesfunction alone or in any combination as a plug, sensor, computer,recorder, detector, scanner, and/or barcode scanner.

The one or more probes detect material property differences withinpermanent components within sections along the length of the casing.

At least one probe directs magnetic fields in a radial direction therebymeasuring eddy currents and/or changes in eddy current intensity, andwherein the probe is shielded. At least one probe is unshielded.

One or more probes are singularly, collectively, or in any combination,reading, transmitting, computing, recording, receiving, distinguishing,networking, and/or measuring, at least a portion of one or moredatagrams from signals generated, emitted, and/or transmitted from oneor more probes.

The signals are being actively generated, emitted, and/or transmittedfrom piping assemblies and together can be converted into datagrams. Thesignals are passively generated, emitted, and/or transmitted from pipingassemblies. Utilizing the probes and coded piping assemblies results inuninterrupted, unimpaired, detected material property changes in themarkers by using detectable changes in eddy current values received fromthe coded piping assemblies.

The probes can be moving or stationary and the signals are read whilethe probes are moving or stationary. The collar can be moving orstationary.

The probes function as sensors in that they sense changes in permanentcomponents of selected material compositions along the length of thepiping assemblies. Permanent components are placed as radial sections inand along the length of the piping assemblies. Marking the markers isaccomplished while the piping assemblies are provided as one or moreproduction collars being installed in one or more wellbores.

Providing readable ID codes within or from datagrams to a reader assistsin identifying specific borehole features. The ID code can be furtherencoded or decoded by utilizing datagrams.

Providing readable ID code to a reader assists in identifying specificfeatures within a wellbore casing.

Providing readable ID code assists in identifying branching of aborehole casing.

Readable ID code can be read by a reader when the reader is moving ineither a forward or backward direction. Likewise, readable ID code isread by a reader on a wireline so that the code is translated into dataand the data is sent to an uphole surface of a wellbore.

Also, the readable ID code can be read by a reader on a wireline whichis conveyed by jointed piping, or continuous tubing, to the upholesurface. The readable ID code is read by a reader on a wireline which isconveyed by a tractor or pipe crawler. In addition, the ID code is readby a reader connected to equipment not limited to measuring, computing,recording and/or actuating.

The readable ID code can be read by a reader moved by fluids in thewellbore and not limited to pumping and production of the fluids. Thereadable ID code is read by a reader moved by gravity or moved bybuoyancy in the fluid. The readable ID code is read by a reader moved byself-propulsion. The reader can take action upon reading the readable IDcode where the action releases mechanical keys. The action could beactuating a mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, magnetic,pneumatic, hydraulic, radioactive, or fiber optic circuit. The actioncould be, upon reading readable ID code, initiating measurements. Theaction upon reading readable ID code is communicating with a uniqueidentifier to specific equipment along a length of and including anuphole surface of the borehole. Actuating communications is accomplisheddirectly or remotely using wired or wireless communications.

These and other objects are attained in accordance with the presentinvention through the provision of a tubular housing having an energyfluctuation (such as pressure) responsive actuator movable thereinbetween longitudinally spaced positions. Longitudinal movement of theactuator is used, for example, to cause shifting of an associated valveelement between open and closed positions with respect to a flowpassage. The passage being either internal to the housing, or throughthe side walls. The actuator includes a piston surface on which apressurized working medium acts to develop a longitudinal actuatingforce, and the working medium is supplied from a chamber in the housingat a pressure substantially equal to the hydrostatic pressure of wellfluids external to the housing.

The working medium is selectively supplied to an actuator piston via asystem of control valves that are operably responsive to abattery-powered controller that is located in the housing. The actuatormandrel remains in one of its positions unless and until a datagramaddressed to this valve is received by the controller. In accordancewith one aspect of the invention, the datagram includes a sequence oflow level pressure pulses applied at the surface to the well annulus.The datagram is encoded with the datagram address for identificationthat may also include data. For example, and not by way of limitation,each low level pressure pulse can have a peak value that continues for aspecified duration. When a datagram is received, the controller decodesthe datagram, identifies the address and reacts as instructed by thedatagram. The data portion of the datagram causes the system of controlvalves to assume various states, whereby working medium under pressureis supplied to the actuator piston to develop the force necessary tocause the actuator to shift from one position to another. The actuatormandrel is returned to its original position in response to anotherdatagram, with working medium being dumped to a low pressure chamber inthe housing during the return movement. In one embodiment, returnmovement of the actuator mandrel is caused by a spring, and in anotherembodiment the return movement is forced by the working medium underpressure acting on the opposite side of the actuator piston. In thelater embodiment, the control valve system and controller function tocause the working medium to be dumped from the opposite side of thepiston to the low pressure chamber as the actuator mandrel is shiftedback to its initial position.

Since only low level pressure pulses from datagram instructions areapplied to the annulus to cause a change in the valve status downhole,the present disclosure and associated invention can be used in all wellsincluding deep cased wells, as well as open hole. A large number ofvalve element cycles are possible through use of the system of thepresent invention. In addition, the system is a network that providesdatagram, capabilities to numerous tools within or along the pipingassembly. In downhole applications, increased numbers of well servicesusing numerous well devices with specific addresses can be accessed andcontrolled with a single trip into the well. Overall operating time isreduced, and complicated and lengthy sequencing of high level annuluspressure applications are eliminated. The inventive system disclosedherein is relatively simple and compact and permits the lengths ofdownhole tool components to be considerably shortened in that an entiresystem can be utilized. Increased reliability also is achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention has other objects, features and advantages whichwill become more clearly apparent in connection with the followingdetailed description of embodiments, taken in conjunction with theappended drawings in which:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system for controllingpiping assemblies.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram of another embodiment of a system forcontrolling piping assemblies.

FIG. 2 is a depiction representative of information and algorithmsstored in a datagram for use in the control of devices used in pipingassemblies.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation representing an overall systemimplementing the general control scheme of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation indicating how probes can be usedto provide control and movement of devices during drilling, completion,and producing of oil and gas wells within piping assemblies.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram indicating how programmable datagrams can beused for controlling devices in piping assemblies by translatingdatagrams into barcodes that create energy changes within a medium andare interpreted by a controller for controlling the devices.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring initially to FIGS. 1 A and 1B, which are block diagrams of thesystem for controlling piping assemblies (100) is presented. Thediagrams are split into three portions, the datagram source portion(110), the datagram responder portion (130) and a transmission medium(120) that exists between the source portion (110) and the responderportion (130). Energy sources (110) supplying power to power supplyboards (140) are shown for both portions (110) and (130). Once theenergy source is provided the energy can be transmitted to the powersupply (normally circuit) board (140) which supplies the power to thesystem so that datagram signals are sent to a transmitter (150) andsubsequently to a receiver (155), or transponder (190) as shown in FIG.1B. The controller (160) is normally separately powered, but can also bepowered by the same power supply board as thetransmitter/receiver/transponder devices (150,155, 190), as needed. Thetransmitter, receiver, transponder, and controller (150,155, 190, and160) are all controlled by using the programmable datagram—(145)—(whichis also depicted in the schematic diagram in FIG. 2 as well as describedin further detail below). Dotted line (152) indicates that acommunication link can exist between the programmable datagram (145) andthe controller (160). The datagram contains intelligence andinstructions embedded by a program which can either be pre-programmedand stored within a separate computer (not shown) or within anintelligent controller (160) that includes the datagram informationincluding addresses and data corresponding to controlling physicaldevices used in the piping system. Each address and each set of data canbe arranged in combination with the controller and programmable datagramto provide output (165) to or receive input (170) from physical devices.These devices are capable of at least making measurements within oroutside (along) the piping assemblies or movement or both. The datagramscan also send instructions requesting the transmission of measurements.As these devices become more and more intelligent along with thecomputer devices used to service them, the devices can themselves reachthe level of being remote controlled robots. By inclusion ofcomputerized controllers attached to or remote from these devices, thedatagrams provide the needed instructions to cause an action (or absenceof an action) by the controlled devices at specific addresses.

As described above, the “datagram” is meant to be a self-contained,independent entity of data carrying sufficient information to be routedfrom a source to a destination computer without reliance on earlierexchanges between the source and the destination computer and thetransporting network. The datagrams contain logic packets of informationthat include one or more addressed portions and one or more dataportions. The datagrams also include checksum portions and/or sequencingcriteria portions. The addressed portions contained within the datagramsare accessible by the controller and provide for communication withindividual, collective, groups, and/or networks of controllable devices.The data portions contained within the datagrams allow for controllingcontrollable devices by providing data portions corresponding with dataobtained from making measurements within the medium.

A graphical depiction of one such datagram (145) is shown in FIG. 2. Inthis case, the datagram contains a target or destination address portion(210), an optional sequence information portion (220), an optionalchecksum portion (230) and a data portion, (240). The datagram (145) ofthe present invention does not necessarily contain these portions in thesame order and in some cases, the datagram (145) may contain only anaddress and data portion. In any case, the datagram (145) isprogrammable, and provides sequenced instructions from (220) regardingaddressed sections from (210) for both the piping assembly and devicesused by the piping assembly. The datagram (145) also includes the dataportion (240) which allows for receiving, analyzing, and sending data ina specified format. In the present invention, the data are normally sentas signals regarding measurements and movements made along the length ofthe pipeline to “smart” devices that make the measurements and/ormovements as required by the user.

FIG. 3 is more specific to the use of the addressed datagrams for use ina well, developed for producing petroleum products. Here, the schematicrepresentation (300) depicts an overall system implementing the generalcontrol scheme of the present invention. The diagram shows a wellhead(310) with a main valve control (320), such as a ball valve or the like.A power source (330) provides power to the system which includes a pumpand optionally a winder assembly for sending operational lines downhole(340) which can bypass the main control valve (320). Further down thewellbore into the lateral (horizontal) section of the piping assemblyare shown a series (1, 2, 3, . . . n) of valve assemblies (396) andadditional equipment (370) which can penetrate the casing into theformation. This equipment is controlled via the system of the presentinvention. The valve assemblies (396) are normally located within thecasing or production tubing and attached to a side portion of thecasing/tubing so that the flow of production fluid (oil and/or gas andat times water) can be controlled. The schematic of FIG. 3 providedshows fissures (360) created by fracing of the formation to increaseproduction for shale deposits (as one example). An enlarged (exploded)view of the wellbore (380) is provided to further illustrate onecross-sectional area of the wellbore. In this instance, one or moredownhole controllers (390) are provided and shown as attached orembedded within the casing/tubing. Additional sensors (392) are alsoprovided, as needed, and also attached in a similar fashion as that ofthe controllers. The sensors are utilized to sense changes in pressure,temperature, flow, density, gamma/beta radioactivity, electromagneticradiation, generated light by for example, lasers, eddy currents, etc.As the sensors determine these changes, the sensors provide data inputto the controllers. The controllers then provide instruction in the formof directions using datagrams as described above. In the exploded viewdiagram of the cross-section provided (380), one of the valves of thevalve assemblies (370) (which can be slider valves, ball valves, orotherwise controlled displacement valves, etc.), are shown (396) andillustrate the ability to penetrate the casing/tubing in order to allowfor flow interruption as needed. Sand-screens (394) are shown whichprovide protection for the valves in that they function as filtersbetween the formation and the valve. In this manner, the chances of thevalves malfunctioning due to particulate build-up in the valve issubstantially reduced. As shown, there are also (often hydraulic lines(398) which may be directly attached to the valves (396) from uphole.Electrical and/or optical cables or conduits (397) are also shown aspossible for connection to the down-hole devices. By deploying theselines using the equipment shown (330, 340), it is possible to furthercontrol the overall system and precisely perform opening and closingoperations on the valves (396) and valve assemblies (370, and 392).

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation (400) of the use of probes in thesame down-hole application for the presently described system.Specifically, the probes (432) are sent down-hole from an uphole holdingor repository station (401), which includes a probe sending device orperson (405) responsible for sending the probe into an uphole pipingassembly (410). The probes (432) can be equipped with transmitters,receivers, transponders, and/or sensors as needed, based on the desiredoperation that the probe is required to perform. The production tubingor casing within the borehole (420) can similarly be equipped withtransmitters, receivers, transponders, and/or sensors, so that thesystem includes “smart” probes and/or “smart” production tubing/casing.An exploded view cross-sectional area of the borehole (420) is shown(430) which indicates the use of casing or tubing valves (396) that maybe identical to or different from those shown in FIG. 3. The probes(432) also can utilize the same or different sensors (392) as shown inboth the schematics of FIGS. 3 and 4. In an additional embodiment, theprobes (432) themselves may carry sensors (392) and act in unison witheither an uphole or downhole controller to perform necessary operationswithin the wellbore. In a further embodiment, the probes (432) sensechanges in the casing or the production tubing which not only providesan exact address for a downhole device (such as the valves—396) but alsosignals the probe to perform one or more operations at that address. Inaddition, controllers can be added to the probes (432) or to thetubing/casing to ensure that operations within the piping assembly areaccomplished properly. When one or more probes (432) are sent into thepiping assembly, the controllers utilize datagrams as described aboveand shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and further described and illustrated in FIG.5, for establishing communications between the user (405), the probe(432), and devices existing within the piping assembly 390, 392, 396,etc). By using these datagrams, devices within the piping assembly canbe intelligently controlled and activated either by a preprogrammed setof instructions, or dynamically by sending instructions utilizing thedatagrams.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart (500) that illustrates one of many possibleembodiments whereby a sequence of events occurs for controlling devicesassociated with the piping assembly. The programmable datagram (145) isdeveloped with instructions from a user and encoded (505) with, in thiscase, a bar code (510). The bar code (510) is a spatial representationof the instructions being subsequently sent through a transmissionmedium (120) resulting in changes in energy pulses (520) represented inthe plot illustrating such pulses that have varying amplitude overspecific lengths of time. The energy pulses are from energy sources thatprovide fluctuations in, for example, volumes and pressures, light,electricity, electromagnetic fields including eddy currents, chemicalreactions including controlled explosions, electrically stimulated oractivated polymers, etc. Causing these fluctuations and controlling themis critical to the present invention.

Once the time dependent changes in energy pulses (520) are provided, theinformation from this data set is sent and/or decoded in the controllerunit (160)—depicted here as residing in a box (540) which represents acontroller assembly. The flow path continues (525) toward a controllerassembly (540). In addition, a flow path (530) is shown here indicatingthat it is possible to notify the user that the datagram has beendelivered to the controller. This assists in making the programmabledatagram (145) and datagram controller assembly (540) more reliable.Once the flow path reaches the controller (160) and overall controllerassembly (540), the operations described for FIGS. 1A and 1B arepossible in that output signals are provided (165) in order to allow forand create movement of controllable devices within the piping assembly.Likewise, input can be received from the measurements and/or movementsassociated with the piping assembly. The flow path (152) exists so thata response can be submitted back to the user and/or datagram indicatingthat information was received in the form of, for example, pressure(energy changes) pulses allowing the output (165) to act on and controlactual physical devices.

It is critical to the present invention to recognize that FIGS. 1-5 aremeant to be representative and indicative of a networkable controlsystem. The control system allows for actuating any number ofcontrollable devices in any number of sequences or series so thatmultiple devices associated with one or more networkable piping systemscan be individually, simultaneously, and/or instantly controlled by theuser. This capability ensures that the user can control any part of theaddressed piping assembly controllable devices at any time and in anymanner along the length of the assembly using properly designed andprogrammed datagrams.

Example

More specifically, for downhole well completion, one example of how thecontrol system with addressed datagrams would operate is as follows;

A user would either send a set of programmed instructions to acontroller or utilize a probe with a set of instructions downhole intothe wellbore via a transmitter and/or transponder. The set ofinstructions, in this case, would be to open or close a well completionvalve or set of well completion valves located at a specific addresswithin the production tubing or casing. Energy pulses are formed bychanges in pressures controlled within the tubing that is accomplishedby using a pressure responsive member (such as a piston or a pilotvalve) which is adapted to be shifted from one position to anotherposition. The pressure responsive surface located near or on the valveis supplied by the working medium (within the wellbore) to theresponsive surface at a pressure substantially equal to the hydrostaticpressure of the wellbore fluid. This allows for shifting the pressureresponsive member from an initial position to another position inresponse to the programmed datagrams.

The working system includes some of the features associated with U.S.Pat. Nos. 4,796,699 and 4,856,595 describing an alternate well toolcontrol system, the full contents of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

Supplying the working medium to the responsive surface includes the useof a high pressure chamber either within or in proximity to the wellcompletion valve(s) adapted to contain a discrete volume of the workingmedium, and provides for transmitting hydrostatic pressure to the highpressure chamber to pressurize the working medium. Supplying the workingmedium can further include supplying a passage leading from the highpressure chamber to the pressure responsive surface, and using a pilotor other control valve that is operably responsive to the datagraminstructions that develop commands. The datagrams, for example, canprovide instructions to controllers (or a network of controllers) for;locating the valve or set of valves at specific addresses, providinginstructions to the valve actuators regarding the percentage of openingor closing the valve(s), the time and/or length of time the valve(s)should be opened or closed, under what operating temperatures andpressures the valve(s) should or should not respond, a specified flowrate at which a specified valve or set of valves should open or closepartially or fully and also signal for controlling the flow of themedium through the supply passage.

In this case, valve actuators are a control valve that includes a firstpilot valve movable between opened and closed positions respectivelypermitting and terminating flow of the fluid medium through the supplypassage. Supplying the medium further includes a first solenoid valvefor controlling the position of the first pilot valve. The pilot valvehas opposite sides and allows biasing of the pilot valve toward theclosed position, the first solenoid valve functioning to either permithydrostatic pressure to act on both sides of the pilot valve whereby thepilot valve remains biased to the closed position, or to communicate oneside of the pilot valve with the low pressure chamber. The hydrostaticpressure acting on the other side of the pilot valve moves the pilotvalve to an open position.

Here, the solenoid valve includes first and second normally closedsolenoid valve assemblies, the first solenoid valve assembly beinglocated in a high pressure line that extends from the high pressurechamber to one side of the pilot valve and the second solenoid valveassembly being located in a low pressure line leading from the initialside to the low pressure chamber. When only the second solenoid valveassembly is energized, the pilot valve moves to an open position, andwhen only the first solenoid valve assembly is energized the pilot valveis moved according to the biasing to the closed position.

In this case, the pressure responsive member has a piston section, thepressure responsive surface being defined by a first surface of thepiston section; a cylinder residing within the member in which thepiston section is movable, whereby when the working medium is suppliedto the first surface of the piston section, the piston section andmember move in one longitudinal direction; and wherein the memberincludes an exhaust passage for exhausting working medium exiting fromthe cylinder when the first pilot valve is in its closed position; andallowing for moving the piston section and member in the oppositelongitudinal direction as the working medium is exhausted. A spring isused for reacting against a second surface of the piston section.

In this example, the exhaust passage communicates the first surface ofthe piston section with the low pressure chamber, further includes anadditional control valve that operably exhausts responsive to a datagramfor controlling exhaust of the medium through the exhaust passage.

An additional control valve includes a second pilot valve that ismovable between opened and closed positions thereby respectivelypermitting and terminating flow of the medium through the exhaustpassage to the low pressure chamber. The additional control valvefurther includes a second solenoid valve for controlling the position ofthe second pilot valve wherein the second pilot valve has opposite sidesand is biasing the second pilot valve toward its closed position, thesecond solenoid valve functioning to either permit the hydrostaticpressure to act on both sides of the second pilot valve. The biasingcloses the second pilot valve or communicates one side of the secondpilot valve with the low pressure chamber whereby hydrostatic pressureacting on the other side moves the second pilot valve to the openposition.

The second solenoid valve includes third and fourth normally closedsolenoid valve assemblies, the third solenoid valve assembly beinglocated in a second high pressure line extending from the high pressurechamber to one side of the second pilot valve. The fourth solenoid valveassembly is located in a second low pressure line leading from one sideof the second pilot valve to the low pressure chamber, whereby when onlythe fourth solenoid valve assembly is energized the second pilot valvemoves to an open position. Likewise, when only the third solenoid valveassembly is energized, the second pilot valve is moved by biasing to theclosed position.

It is also possible to include one or more sleeve valves on the pressureresponsive member, where the valves include a housing having a port forcommunicating the interior of the housing with the well annulus outsidethe housing. The sleeve valves are arranged in one position to span andclose off ports within the casing or production tubing and are arrangedin another position to open the port and permit circulation of wellfluids via the port between the interior and exterior of the housing.

It is also possible to include one or more ball valves coupled to thepressure responsive member, the member including a housing having a flowpassage therein. The ball valves are arranged to pivot about an axisthat is transverse to the flow passage between a closed position withrespect to the passage when the member is in an initial position and anopen position with respect to the flow passage when the member is inanother position.

The pressure responsive member here, is a tubular mandrel. The mandrelhas an outwardly directed flange with a piston disposed within theflange having opposite sides, one of the sides providing the pressureresponsive surface. When fluid is acting on the other side of the pistonit causes returning the mandrel to the initial position when thehydrostatic pressure acting on one of the sides of the piston isreduced.

In order to ensure responsiveness of the system, a supply of a highpressure chambers is arranged to contain the working medium and a lowpressure chamber in the wellbore that is arranged to receive an exhaustof the working medium. A control valve is employed and controlled by thedatagram system which alternately supplies working medium from the highpressure chamber for acting on the pressure responsive surface andexhausting working medium to the low pressure chamber after the mediumhas acted on the pressure responsive surface.

The system may further include one or more sensors for detecting andreceiving the datagrams and associated datagrams and providing outputsignals and datagrams. The one or more controllers receive and interpretthe output using the programmed instructions within the datagram andalso detect the presence or absence of a signature pattern such as a barcode. This set of instructions and presence of the code provides atriggering operation regarding activating or deactivating the wellcompletion valve or set of valves. The valve(s) include a plurality ofsolenoid valve assemblies, and further include a driver coupled betweenthe controller(s) and the solenoid valve assemblies for energizing aplurality of solenoid valve assemblies when triggered by thecontroller(s).

The system describe herein involves the use of compact, simple andreliable devices which can be controlled individually, collectively, ingroups, or by using networks, so that numerous devices can be actuatedon as needed basis. Since certain changes or modifications may be madein the disclosed embodiments without departing from the inventiveconcepts involved, it is the aim of the following claims to cover allsuch changes and modifications falling within the true spirit and scopeof the present invention.

We claim:
 1. One or more probes located in piping assemblies thatgenerate and/or utilize at least one or more addressed datagramsallowing communication from information contained within said datagrams,said probes comprising; one or more addressable transponders having oneor more controllers, wherein said transponders transmit and receiveinformation via said one or more addressed datagrams encoded within saidprobe or within said piping assemblies.
 2. The probes of claim 1,wherein said transponders convert said datagrams into signals that aretransmitted from said probe to said piping assemblies or from saidpiping assemblies to said probe and wherein said transponders receiveand convert signals back into datagrams.
 3. The probes of claim 1,wherein said one or more probes receive and decode one or more datagramsso that said transponders within said probe or within said pipingassemblies selectively communicate and perform logical operationscausing action on one or more controllable devices.
 4. The probes ofclaim 1, wherein said probes transmit and receive information within amedium.
 5. The probes of claim 1, wherein said medium is a mechanical,hydraulic, electrical, electromagnetic, optical, radioactive, and/or achemical medium.
 6. The probes of claim 1, wherein said transponders canbe replaced with receivers and/or transmitters.
 7. The probes of claim3, wherein said actions are measurements and/or movements.
 8. The probesof claim 1, wherein said datagrams send instructions requestingtransmission of measurements.
 9. The probes of claim 1, wherein saiddatagrams create and transmit new or existing datagrams.
 10. The probesof claim 1, wherein said datagrams are existing and being utilizedwithin a network.
 11. The probes of claim 1, wherein said probes areused for installing, inventorying, accessing, actuating, and/orcontrolling one or more down-hole device(s) in a wellbore assemblycomprising; (i) marked sections along a length of an assembly withinsaid wellbore assembly, wherein components and/or portions of anoriginal section of said assembly together function as unique readableactive or passive markers, (ii) the ability to read said markers, (iii)the ability to act upon reading said markers using at least one readerby locating specific addresses within said wellbore assemblycorresponding with commands having at least one signature obtained fromenergy sources that transmit data which is compiled into a datagram,wherein said energy sources are initiated either at the surface, bottom,or along the length of said wellbore assembly.
 12. The probes of claim3, wherein said energy sources can be located either uphole or downholeusing wellbore fluids within said wellbore assembly providing theability for causing movement and/or measurement of said controllabledevices.
 13. A method for using the probes of claim 1, wherein insertingsaid markers in strategically placed locations along an axial and/orradial portion of said piping assemblies is creating one or morepatterns or sequence of patterns and wherein said markers are comprisedof components each possessing, identical or different selected materialcompositions with cross sectional areas corresponding to each of saidcomponents.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least two or more ofsaid components are rings made from different materials with distinctmeasurable property differences along said length of said pipingassemblies, wherein said rings collectively function by providing areadable identification (ID) code producing coded piping assembliescreated when said one or more patterns or sequence of patterns are read.15. The method of claim 13, wherein said components are materials withproperties selected from one or more, in any combination, from a groupconsisting of electrically conductive, electrically resistive,electrically insulative, electrically capacitive, electricallyinductive, magnetically permeable, magnetically non-permeable,magnetically polarized, sonically transmissive, sonically absorptive,optically reflective, optically absorptive, radiation absorptive,radiation emissive that exhibit one or more features of said materialsand wherein said components can be rings comprising said materials. 16.The method of claim 13, wherein said readable ID code is read in preciselocations along a length of said piping assembly.
 17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein said locations are a specific address corresponding toa feature either at the surface of, or embedded in, said pipingassemblies.
 18. The method of claim 13, wherein said markers appear asmultiple readable bars to a reader that is reading said permanentcomponents of said piping assemblies.
 19. The method of claim 18,wherein said multiple readable bars comprise a spatial, binary, and/orbar code.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein reading by scanning saidcode with a reader provides an ability for finding a specific addressalong said piping assembly and allows for carrying out an action at saidaddress.
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein said piping assemblies area casing which can also function as a production collar within aborehole.
 22. The method of claim 13, wherein said at least one readeris at least one probe and wherein said probe is an autonomous tool. 23.The method of claim 22, wherein said reader is one or more tetheredprobes.
 24. The method of claim 13, wherein said probes function aloneor in any combination as a plug, sensor, computer, recorder, detector,scanner, and/or barcode scanner.
 25. The method of claim 21, whereinsaid probes detect material property differences within said permanentcomponents within said sections along said length of said casing. 26.The method of claim 13, wherein said probes direct magnetic fields in aradial direction thereby measuring eddy currents and/or changes in eddycurrent intensity, and wherein said probes are shielded.
 27. The methodof claim 26, wherein said probes are unshielded.
 28. The method of claim26, wherein said probes are singularly, collectively, or in anycombination, reading, transmitting, computing, recording, receiving,distinguishing, networking, and/or measuring, at least a portion of oneor more datagrams from signals generated, emitted, and/or transmittedfrom said probes.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein said signals arebeing actively generated, emitted, and/or transmitted from said pipingassemblies and can be converted into datagrams.
 30. The method of claim29, wherein said signals are passively generated, emitted, and/ortransmitted from said piping assemblies.
 31. The method of claim 13,wherein utilizing said probes and coded piping assemblies results inuninterrupted, unimpaired, detected material property changes in saidmarkers by using detectable changes in eddy current values received fromsaid coded piping assemblies.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein saidprobes are moving or stationary and wherein said signals are read whilesaid probes are moving or stationary.
 33. The method of claim 21,wherein said collar is moving or stationary.
 34. The method of claim 13,wherein said one or more probes function as sensors that they sensechanges in permanent components of selected material compositions alongsaid length of said piping assemblies.
 35. The method of claim 13,wherein said permanent components are placed as radial sections in andalong said length of said piping assemblies.
 36. The method of claim 13,wherein marking said markers is accomplished while said pipingassemblies are one or more production collars being installed in one ormore wellbores.
 37. The method of claim 13, wherein providing saidreadable ID code to a reader assists in identifying specific boreholefeatures.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein providing said readable IDcode to a reader assists in identifying specific features within awellbore casing.
 39. The method of claim 37, wherein providing saidreadable ID code assists in identifying branching of a borehole casing.40. The method of claim 37, wherein said readable ID code is being readby said reader when said reader is moving in either a forward orbackward direction.
 41. The method of claim 37, wherein said readable IDcode is read by a reader on a wireline so that said code is translatedinto data, wherein said data is sent to an uphole surface of a wellbore.42. The method of claim 37, wherein said readable ID code is read by areader on a wireline which is conveyed by jointed piping, or continuoustubing, to said uphole surface.
 43. The method of claim 37, wherein saidreadable ID code is read by a reader on a wireline which is conveyed bya tractor or pipe crawler.
 44. The method of claim 37, wherein saidreadable ID code is read by a reader connected to equipment not limitedto measuring, computing, recording, and/or actuating.
 45. The method ofclaim 37, wherein said readable ID code is read by a reader moved byfluids in said wellbore and not limited to pumping and production ofsaid fluids.
 46. The method of claim 37, wherein said readable ID codeis read by a reader moved by gravity.
 47. The method of claim 37,wherein said readable ID code is read by a reader moved by buoyancy insaid fluid.
 48. The method of claim 37, wherein said readable ID code isread by a reader moved by self-propulsion.
 49. The method of claim 37,wherein said reader takes action upon reading said readable ID code. 50.The method of claim 49, wherein said action releases mechanical keys.51. The method of claim 49, wherein said action upon reading saidreadable ID code is actuating a mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic,magnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic, radioactive, or fiber optic circuit. 52.The method of claim 49, wherein said action upon reading readable IDcode initiates measurements.
 53. The method of claim 49, wherein saidaction upon reading readable ID code is communicating with a uniqueidentifier to specifically identified equipment along a length of andincluding an uphole surface of said borehole.
 54. The method of claim53, wherein actuating communications is accomplished directly orremotely using wired or wireless communication signals.